What is the Ex-Dividend Date (in detail)?

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The Ex-Dividend Date is the first trading day on which a stock trades without the right to the most recently declared dividend. It is typically set one business day before the record date. Investors who buy the stock on or after the ex-dividend date are not entitled to receive the upcoming dividend. On the ex-dividend date, the stock price typically drops by roughly the amount of the dividend at the market open. Note that settlement conventions can shift the exact dates around weekends and holidays.
Think about the first day a stock trades without the right to its declared dividend, usually one business day before the record date. The price typically drops by about the dividend amount at the open.